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Pulse tube refrigerator
The pulse tube refrigerator (PTR) or pulse tube cryocooler is a developing technology that emerged largely in the early 1980s with a series of other innovations in the broader field of thermoacoustics. In contrast with other cryocoolers (e.g. Stirling cryocooler and GM-refrigerators), this cryocooler can be made without moving parts in the low temperature part of the device, making the cooler suitable for a wide variety of applications.
== Uses ==
Pulse tube cryocoolers are used in industrial applications such as semiconductor fabrication and in military applications such as for the cooling of infrared sensors.〔(Development of the Pulse Tube Refrigerator as an Efficient and Reliable Cryocooler (2000) )〕 Pulse tubes are also being developed for cooling of astronomical detectors where liquid cryogens are typically used, such as the Atacama Cosmology Telescope〔(About ACT (official site) )〕 or the Qubic experiment〔(QUBIC Bolometric interferometry: the concept (official site) )〕 (an interferometer for cosmology studies). PTRs are used as precoolers of dilution refrigerators. Pulse tubes will be particularly useful in space-based telescopes where it is not possible to replenish the cryogens as they are depleted. It has also been suggested that pulse tubes could be used to liquefy oxygen on Mars.〔(Pulse Tube Oxygen Liquefier )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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